Cast on

1. Hold one needle in the right hand and loop over the yarn. Hold the second needle in the left hand and insert the tip through the loop.
2. On the right needle, put the yarn under to the left, then over to the right.
3. Pull this loop through the first loop.
4. Place the new loop on the left needle.
5. Place the needle between the two stitches and repeat step two.
6. Pull the loop through.
7. Place the loop on the left needle and continue making the required number of stitches.

Cast-off

1. Knit two stitches, pick up the first stitch, then lift it over the second stitch.
2. Then, drop it off the needle
3. Knit another stitch so there are two on the needle. Then, lift the first stitch over the second. Repeat until one stitch remains.
4. Cut the end and place it through the stitch. Slip the stitch off the needle, then pull the yarn tight.

Knit

1. After casting on, push the right needle through the middle of the first stitch.
2. On the right needle, put the yarn under to the left, then over to the right.
3. Pull the loop through.
4. Slip the stitch off the left needle.
5. Knit each stitch to the end of the row.
6. Change over the needles and knit the next row.
7. These rows of knit stitch are called a garter stitch.

Purl

1. With the yarn at the front, push the needle through the first loop from the back to the front.
2. On the right needle, put the yarn under to the left, then over to the right.
3. Pull the loop through.
4. Slip the stitch off the left needle.
5. Purl each stitch to the end of the row. Change over the needles and purl the next row.
6. Knit one row, then purl the next to make a stocking stitch.
7. Knit one, purl one across the row to make a rib.

Increase

1. Knit the stitch as usual but do not slip it off the needle. Then, knit into the back of the same stitch.
2. Now, slip the stitch off the needle - two stitches have been made from one.

Decrease

1. Insert the needle through two stitches, then knit as usual.
2. Slip the two stitches off the needle - a stitch has been lost.